Audio Visual Material - Film, TV, YouTube, TED Talks - APA Referencing - LibGuides at Wellington Institute of Technology

Film and TV

Film or movie

In-text citation

As Jackson (2012) depicted, ...

... (Jackson, 2012).

Reference list entry

Jackson, P. (Director). (2012). The Hobbit: An unexpected journey [Film]. New Line Cinema; Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; Wingnut Films.

The author is the director followed by (Director).
A description of the format follows the title in square brackets [Film]
The Source is the production company. If there are multiple companies separate by a semicolon

TV series

In-text citation

Griffin et al. (2005-2010) depict ...

... (Griffin et al., 2005-2010).

Reference list entry

Griffin, J., Lang, R., & Bennett, S. (Executive Producers). (2005-2010). Outrageous fortune [TV series]. South Pacific Pictures.

The author is the excutive producer(s) followed by (Executive Producer) or (Executive Producers) if more than one
If the series span multiple years, include a date range. If still running use the word present e.g. (2020-present).
A description of the format follows the title in square brackets
The source is the production company. If there are multiple companies separate by a semicolon

TV series episode or webisode

In-text citation

Sherman-Palladino (2018) ...

... (Sherman-Palladino, 2018).

Reference list entry

Sherman-Palladino, A. (Writer & Director). (2018, December 5). All alone (Season 2, Episode 10) [TV series episode]. In A. Sherman-Palladino, D. Palladino, D. Gilbert, M. Shapiro, S. Carino, & S. Lawrence (Executive Producers), The marvelous Mrs. Maisel. Dorothy Parker Drank Here Productions; Picrow; Amazon Studios.

Include writer(s) and the director for the episode. Include the role in round brackets after the name
Provide the season number or episode number after the title in round brackets

YouTube or Streaming videos

In-text citation

As Whitireia Paramedic (2018) demonstrates, ...

Russell Bishop posed the question "what is the theory driving their practice" (RootsofEmpathy, 2017, 20:58).

Contribution by others in the video who are not listed as the author can be mentioned in the text of your assignment
If directly quoting from audiovisual work e.g. audiobook, YouTube video, TED Talk, TV show etc, use double quotation marks and provide a time stamp for the beginning of the quotation in place of a page number

Reference list entry

RootsofEmpathy. (2017, December 22). The end of failure: Dr. Russell Bishop [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s77nV7wIDo8

Whitireia Paramedic. (2018, March 8). Clinical interview demonstration [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IB2kJs09mc8

The person or group who uploaded the video is the author even if they did not create the video
Use the real name of the author if known. If there is a username, include this after the name in square brackets. If the username is known only, use that but do not put in square brackets
The date is when the video was uploaded
The title of the video is in italics
Include the description of the format in square brackets after the title
Include the site name in the source field followed by the URL of the video

Tedtalks

TED Talk video viewed on the TED website

In-text citation

Gunter (2021) recommends ...

... (Gunter, 2021).

Reference list entry

Gunter, J. (2021, June). What really happens to your body during menopause [Video]. TED Conferences. https://www.ted.com/talks/jen_gunter_what_really_happens_to_your_body_during_menopause

The author is the speaker
The date is the most specific date possible
The title is in italics followed by the format in square brackets
The source is the site name TED Conferences followed by the URL of the video

TED Talk video viewed on YouTube

In-text citation

On TED (2020), Chip Kidd explains ...

Chip Kidd believes "..." (TED, 2020, 2:21).

When the speaker is not listed as the author, intergrate their name into the narrative if you wish
When directly quoting, use double quotation marks and provide a time stamp for the beginning of the quotation in place of a page number

Reference list entry

TED. (2020, January 29). Why books are here to stay: Small thing big idea [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Gw5dK48MtI

The owner of the YouTube account is the author (TED)
The site name is YouTube followed by the URL

Podcasts

In-text citation

Seales (2018-present) discussed ...

(Seales, 2018-present)

Reference list entry

Seales, A. (Host). (2018-present). Small doses with Amanda Seales [Audio podcast]. Starburns Audio.

List the host of the podcast as the author. Include the role in round brackets
Provide the span of years during which the podcast aired. For a podcast still on air, provide the year it started and use the word present. For a podcast that has ended and aired multiple years, provide the start and end years (2017-2020). For a podcast that started and ended in the same year, provide just that year (2019)
State what type of podcast it is in square brackets after the title [Audio podcast] or [Video podcast].
End with the URL. If unknown or accessed via an app, omit the URL from the reference